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Use this RTP calculator to work out turnover, theoretical expected return, expected loss and house edge from a total spin stake, spin count and RTP percentage. If you also have the gross awards from those same rounds, add them to calculate an observed return percentage and actual net result. These are two different calculations: the theoretical figures describe the entered model, while the observed figures describe only the records you supply.
RTP and house-edge calculator
Enter the total stake per spin, number of spins and theoretical RTP. The figures show an expected-value calculation, not a session forecast. All money fields use AUD.
Calculated figures
- Total turnover
- Theoretical expected return
- Theoretical expected loss
- Theoretical house edge
Your entered results
- Observed return percentage
- Actual net result
Theoretical figures are averages under the entered model. They do not establish your chance of profit, a maximum loss, a guaranteed return or how long a balance will last.
The starting values are examples. This tool does not retrieve a game’s settings, connect to an account or check a casino’s transactions. Leave actual returns blank when you only want theoretical figures. Enter zero only when the recorded rounds returned nothing.
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These welcome listings have their own eligibility and promotional conditions. A headline bonus does not change the calculator’s RTP input. Use the specific game’s published setting and keep any bonus restrictions separate.
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Choose the right figures for each input
Start with a clearly defined block of completed rounds. Use one game configuration, a constant paid stake and a known number of spins. The tool displays money as AUD; it does not convert another currency into Australian dollars. If your records use a different currency, convert the whole record consistently outside this calculator rather than mixing amounts.
- Total stake per spin: the complete amount charged for each paid round, including any selected extra cost.
- Number of spins: the whole number of paid rounds in that block.
- Theoretical RTP: the percentage stated for the configuration you actually used.
- Actual total returns: optional gross game awards belonging to those same stakes.
Keep a note of the game, configuration, dates and source of each figure. If you cannot establish the spin count or total awards, use the theoretical calculation on its own. An invented return figure creates a precise-looking result without a reliable record behind it.
Use the full cost of one paid spin
A coin value or line stake is not necessarily the total round cost. For example, twenty lines at four cents per line cost $0.80 when that is how the game calculates its bet. Enter $0.80, rather than $0.04. Confirm the displayed total before taking a figure from the controls.
Some games add an ante, enhanced-chance option or another paid setting. Count the amount actually deducted for the selected round. If changing that option also changes the published theoretical return, use its matching RTP. Our how-to-play guide explains the difference between the visible controls and the total stake.
A purchased feature is not automatically equivalent to one ordinary spin. Do not enter its purchase price with an unrelated base-game RTP and assume the answer measures that feature’s expected value.
Calculate turnover before expected returns
The first calculation is turnover = total stake per spin × paid spins. At $0.80 for 125 paid rounds, turnover is $100. This measures all money staked across those rounds, including stakes funded by earlier awards. It does not mean that $100 was deposited or lost.
With a theoretical RTP of 95.5%, the corresponding expected return is $100 × 0.955 = $95.50. Expected loss is $100 × 0.045 = $4.50. House edge is 100% minus 95.5%, giving 4.5%. The return and loss add back to turnover before display rounding.
All four figures come from the inputs. Changing the spin count changes the assumed turnover; it does not make the earlier rounds more predictable. Our RTP explanation covers the long-run meaning of the percentage in more depth.
Read the theoretical results correctly
The word “expected” has a mathematical meaning here. It does not promise the amount that a particular session will return. A model with a $4.50 expected loss can still produce a much larger actual loss, a small loss or a profit over the entered rounds. The calculation contains no information about the range or frequency of those outcomes.
Theoretical example
$0.80 × 125 spins gives $100 turnover. At 95.5% RTP, expected return is $95.50 and expected loss is $4.50.
Recorded loss
If the same $100 of stakes returns $82 in gross awards, observed return is 82% and the actual net result is −$18.
Recorded gain
A separate $100 sample returning $112 has an observed return of 112% and a net result of +$12.
The Gambling Commission’s explanation of machine payouts describes RTP as an average over substantial play, rather than a refund for an individual visit. That explanation does not certify any operator listed here.
Record actual returns from completed rounds
Actual total returns means the sum of gross game awards from the defined sample. Use the round history or a suitable transaction export. Include an award even when it is smaller than the stake that generated it. A $0.30 award on a $0.80 round contributes $0.30 to gross returns, although that round has a net loss of $0.50.
A feature triggered by a paid round may contain several individual awards and a final summary. Count the awards once: adding every feature award and then adding the same feature total again would double count the return. Use completed rounds so a pending feature is not left partly outside the sample.
The Commission’s RTP monitoring definitions distinguish turnover, gross prizes and actual return. They provide useful accounting terminology; this small calculator is not an operator monitoring or certification system.
Compare an observed loss with an observed gain
Observed return percentage is actual gross returns ÷ turnover × 100. Actual net result is gross returns − turnover. In the $0.80, 125-round example, entering $82 returns produces 82% and −$18. That −$18 is the sample’s recorded result, while $4.50 remains its theoretical expected loss under the entered RTP.
For a second example, enter a $0.40 stake, 250 spins, 96.2% RTP and $112 actual returns. Turnover is again $100. Expected return is $96.20 and expected loss is $3.80, but the observed figures are 112% and +$12. A historical observed return above 100% is possible; it does not mean the game’s theoretical RTP exceeds 100%.
Leave the optional field blank to hide the observed calculation. Entering $0 instead reports 0% observed return and a net loss equal to the entered turnover. Blank means unknown or omitted; zero is a specific result.
Why deposits and closing balances are different
A deposit adds money to an account, while turnover measures repeated stakes. Reusing a $5 award for later rounds adds those later stakes to turnover without requiring another deposit. Dividing a closing balance by deposits therefore does not calculate RTP.
Imagine a $30 starting cash balance, no other account movements, $100 turnover and $82 gross awards. The ending cash balance would be $12: $30 − $100 + $82. The observed return is still 82%, not $12 divided by $30. This illustration assumes the rounds could be completed in that order without extra funding.
Real account histories can also include withdrawals, deposits, bonus credits, refunds and adjustments. Those movements make a balance-only estimate unreliable. Reconcile the round records separately instead of treating every increase in the account balance as a game award.
What to do when stakes or games change
The form assumes one fixed stake. If you played 40 rounds at $0.50 and 60 at $1, total turnover is $20 + $60 = $80. Entering the last $1 stake for all 100 rounds would incorrectly produce $100. Split the history into constant-stake blocks rather than relying on the final control setting.
For mixed games, calculate each block’s expected return with its own RTP, then add the expected returns and turnovers separately. For example, $20 turnover at 96% plus $60 at 95% gives $19.20 + $57 = $76.20 expected return on $80 turnover. The combined theoretical percentage is 95.25%, weighted by stakes rather than by game count.
The tool does not import or combine these blocks. Keep that calculation in a separate record, retaining enough precision to avoid a rounded average distorting the result.
Check the RTP setting for the game you used
Look for the return in the game’s information, help or rules screen. Match the exact title, version and selected mode. A percentage quoted for another release, another operator’s configuration or a different feature setting may not describe the game in your sample.
When no matching figure is available, do not present a default value as verified. You can ask support where the setting is disclosed, or retain your observed calculation separately until the theoretical input is known. The form cannot detect that an otherwise valid number belongs to a different game.
A higher theoretical return also does not identify the less volatile game. Use the separate volatility guide to understand why games with similar RTP can distribute awards very differently.
What a short sample cannot establish
A difference between observed and theoretical return is not, by itself, evidence that a game is faulty or that a future win is due. Meaningful performance analysis needs the relevant game mathematics, sample size and appropriate statistical limits. The calculator does not produce a confidence interval, probability of profit or audit finding.
The Commission’s live RTP monitoring guidance discusses performance monitoring using tolerances that reflect game volatility. Its framework for licensed businesses is considerably more involved than comparing two percentages from one player’s session.
Do not extend play to make the displayed observed number approach the theoretical one. A larger sample does not undo losses already incurred, and an earlier shortfall does not create a compensating entitlement.
Keep bonus conditions separate from RTP
RTP does not determine bonus contribution, maximum bets, eligible games or withdrawal caps. A game with a stated 96% RTP may contribute a different percentage toward a promotion’s wagering counter. Entering that contribution rate as RTP would answer the wrong question.
The wagering calculator handles the separate arithmetic of a promotional target. Multiplying a turnover target by house edge gives a theoretical cost under restrictive assumptions, not a reliable prediction of the money needed to complete it. Running out of funds, excluded rounds and maximum-cashout conditions are not represented by that multiplication.
Rounding, input limits and correcting entries
Money results display two decimal places, and percentages display two decimal places. Calculations use the underlying numbers before presentation rounding. A $0.33 stake over three spins creates $0.99 turnover; at 96.7% RTP, expected return is $0.95733 and expected loss is $0.03267, displayed as $0.96 and $0.03.
Enter a positive stake from $0.01 to $100,000, a whole spin count from one to ten million, and theoretical RTP between 0% and 100%. Zero and 100% are mathematical boundary inputs, not claims about available games. Negative actual returns are rejected because that field records gross awards; a negative net result is calculated from the stakes instead.
Changing any input clears the old displayed result. Press Calculate again to obtain figures for the revised entries. Reset restores the example values and removes the optional actual return. Neither action reads, stores or alters a casino account.
Australian access and support
A correct calculation does not establish lawful access to an operator. ACMA identifies online pokies and casino-style services among illegal online services and explains the risks of overseas providers. A working website or foreign licence does not establish Australian authorisation.
If gambling is causing financial pressure, stress or difficulty stopping, confidential Australian support is available on 1800 858 858. The Department of Social Services lists telephone and online support, including help for people affected by someone else’s gambling.
RTP calculator FAQs
What is the difference between theoretical and observed RTP?
Theoretical RTP is the return percentage used by the game model for the relevant configuration. Observed RTP is gross awards divided by turnover for a defined set of completed rounds. This calculator uses your theoretical input for expected figures and your optional actual returns for observed figures. A difference between them does not predict the next result or establish that the game has failed.
Should I enter my deposit or my ending balance as actual returns?
Neither is normally the correct input. Enter the total gross game awards from the same paid rounds represented by the stake and spin count. Deposits, withdrawals, bonus credits and adjustments are account movements rather than game awards. An ending balance also reflects stakes already deducted. Use round history to identify the relevant returns, and do not include both individual feature awards and their matching summary total.
Why does leaving actual returns blank differ from entering zero?
A blank field means you have not supplied an observed result, so only the theoretical calculations appear. Zero means the specified rounds produced no gross awards. With $20 turnover and zero actual returns, the observed return is 0% and the actual net result is minus $20. Entering zero as a placeholder for unknown records would therefore misstate the outcome.
Can the observed return percentage exceed 100%?
Yes. If $100 of turnover produces $112 of gross awards, the observed return is 112% and the net result is plus $12. That describes a profitable sample rather than the game’s theoretical RTP. The theoretical input is limited to 0–100%, while observed results can exceed 100%. A successful sample does not make continued play profitable or protect the remaining balance.
How should I calculate RTP when I changed stakes?
Separate the history into blocks with a constant total stake, and calculate turnover for each block. Add those turnovers and the corresponding gross awards to calculate an overall observed percentage outside the form. When games or RTP configurations also differ, calculate each block’s expected return separately. Do not substitute the final stake for every round or average different RTP percentages without weighting them by turnover.
Does expected loss tell me the most I can lose?
No. Expected loss is turnover multiplied by house edge under the entered model. It is not a maximum loss, a required bankroll, a session forecast or a recommended spending amount. The tool does not model award distribution or calculate the probability of running out of money. Your actual loss can be much larger than the theoretical figure, even when every input is accurate.